A broad range of chemicals are available to treat water chemically. Below, the various types of water treatment chemicals are summed up.

Algaecides

Algaecides are chemical compounds that kill algae as well as blue or green algae when introduced into water. Examples are copper sulphate, iron salts, rosinamine salts and benzalkonium chloride. Algaecides are effective against algae, however they are not suitable for algal blooms for reasons of environmental.

Algicides do not work in eliminating all algae. But, they do not remove any toxins released by the algae before dying.

Antifoams

Foam is a mass of air bubbles produced when certain kinds of gas disperse in a liquid. Foam is formed when dense liquid films are surrounded by bubbles.

While the reason for foam is complicated in physical chemistry, we are aware that its existence poses serious problems for both cooling tower water treatment chemicals as well as the quality of the finished products. When it is not held to a minimum, foam may affect the performance of equipment as well as make it more costly and time-consuming of processes.

Antifoam blends contain oils combined with tiny amounts of silica. They degrade foam thanks to two of silicone's properties which include incompatibility with aqueous systems and ease of spreading. Antifoam compounds are available either in the form of a powder or an emulsion of the primary product.

Powder

Antifoam powder covers a group of products based on modified polydimethylsiloxane. Although the basic characteristics of these products are different, they provide an excellent antifoaming solution for a variety of applications and conditions.

Antifoams are chemically inert, and do not react with the defoamed substance. They don't cause odour, taste, or toxicity, and are not toxic. The only downside of the powdery material is that it can't be used in watery solutions.

Coagulants

When referring to coagulants, positive high-valence ions are preferred. The majority of the time, iron and aluminium are applied, aluminium as Al2(SO4)3- (aluin) and iron as either FeCl3 or Fe2(SO4)3-. It is also possible to use FeSO4, which is a relatively inexpensive version FeSO4, on condition that it will be oxidised to Fe3+ after Aeration.

The dose of coagulants as well as the pH and concentration of the colloid are all significant elements in the process of coagulation. As a co-flocculent, Ca(OH)2 can be used to adjust the pH of the solution. Doses usually vary between 10 and 90 mg Fe3+/L, but when salts are present a higher dosage is required.

Inhibitors of corrosion

Corrosion is the transformation of metals into soluble compounds. Corrosion can cause failures of key parts of boiler systems. It can also cause the deposition of corrosion products within critical heat exchange areas, and overall efficiency loss.

This is why corrosion inhibitors are frequently used. Inhibitors are chemicals which react with metal surfaces to offer protection. Inhibitors are chemicals that adsorb onto metallic surfaces, thereby protecting it by forming a layer.

pH conditioners

Municipal industrial water treatment chemicals is often pH-adjusted in order to avoid corrosion from pipes and to prevent dissolution of lead into water supplies. The treatment of water may require adjustments to pH. The pH is raised or down by adding basic acids or bases. If it is the basic liquid, hydrogen chloride serves as an example of ways to lower the pH. If the liquid is acidic liquid the addition of sodium hydroxide may raise the pH.

The pH will be converted to around seven to seven and a half, after addition of specific concentrations of acids or basics. The pH change will affect the quantity of the substance that is added as well as the concentration of it.

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